W.B. Yeats (1865–1939): A Pillar of Twentieth-Century English Literature
William Butler Yeats, one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century, was a central figure in the Irish Literary Revival and a key influence on modernist literature. Born in Dublin in 1865, Yeats’ work evolved from early Romanticism to a more complex, symbolic style, reflecting his deep engagement with Irish mythology, politics, and mysticism.
Yeats’ early poetry, such as The Wanderings of Oisin (1889) and The Celtic Twilight (1893), drew heavily on Irish folklore and romantic idealism. His involvement with the Irish nationalist movement and his unrequited love for Maud Gonne inspired much of his work, including plays like Cathleen ni Houlihan (1902).
By the early 20th century, Yeats’ style shifted toward modernism, marked by a more direct and austere tone. The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair (1933) contain some of his finest poems, blending personal reflection with historical and philosophical themes. Works like "Sailing to Byzantium" and "The Second Coming" explore aging, art, and cyclical history, showcasing his mastery of symbolism and rich imagery.
A Nobel laureate (1923), Yeats also played a crucial role in establishing the Abbey Theatre and promoting Irish cultural identity. His later works, influenced by his interest in the occult and Eastern philosophy, became increasingly esoteric yet retained lyrical power.
Yeats’ legacy endures as a bridge between 19th-century Romanticism and modernist experimentation. His exploration of love, politics, and the supernatural, combined with his command of language, secures his place as a towering figure in English literature. He died in France in 1939, but his poetry remains timeless, continuing to inspire readers and writers worldwide.