Everyman (c. late 15th century) is the finest surviving example of a medieval morality play, a genre that used allegory to teach Christian moral lessons. Written in Middle English, it dramatizes the journey of the soul toward salvation, making abstract virtues and vices into personified characters.
Plot and Themes
The play begins when Death summons Everyman, a stand-in for all humanity, to face God’s final judgment. Desperate for companionship, Everyman seeks help from worldly figures like Fellowship, Kindred, Cousin, and Goods (material possessions), but all abandon him. Only Good Deeds, weakened by Everyman’s sins, remains willing to accompany him—but first, he must seek redemption through Confession and Penance. Strengthened by Knowledge, Discretion, Strength, Beauty, and Five-Wits, Everyman prepares for death, though even these companions eventually leave him. In the end, only Good Deeds follows him into the grave, securing his salvation.
Significance and Legacy
Religious Instruction: The play reinforces late medieval Catholic teachings on repentance, the fleeting nature of worldly life, and the importance of spiritual preparation for death.
Allegorical Drama: Unlike earlier mystery plays (which staged Bible stories), morality plays like Everyman used symbolic characters to explore ethical dilemmas.
Universality: Its theme of mortality resonates across time, influencing later works like Doctor Faustus and modern adaptations.
Originally Dutch (Elckerlijc), the English version became one of the most enduring medieval plays. Its simple yet powerful message—that only good deeds endure beyond death—ensured its lasting place in literary history.