February 03, 2016

Prepositions (DAY 30-32)

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions is one area where people make many mistakes. Study the following rules carefully. They are simple and examples also have been given. Write one example for each rule.

Prepositions – Time

English                 Usage                              Example

on                         days of the week             on Monday

in                          months / seasons             in August / in winter

                             time of day                      in the morning

                             year                                  in 2006


                             after a certain period of time (when?)   in an hour

at                          for night                           at night

                             for weekend                     at the weekend

                             a certain point of time (when?)    at half past nine

since                    from a certain point of time (past till now)  since 1980

for                       over a certain period of time (past till now)   for 2 years

ago                      a certain time in the past         2 years ago

before                 earlier than a certain point of time      before 2004

to                        telling the time                         ten to six (5.50)

past                    telling the time                          ten past six (6.10)

to/till/until         making the beginning and        from Monday to/till Friday

                          end of a period of time

till / until           in the sense of how long           He is on holiday until Friday.
                          something is going to last

by                      in the sense of at the latest up   I will be back by 6PM.
                          to a certain time                        By 11Am, I had read 5 pages.

Prepositions - Place (Position and Direction)

in

Usage - room, building, street, town, country
             book, paper etc.
             car, taxi
             picture, world

Example         in the kitchen, in London
                       in the book
                       in the car, in a taxi
                       in the picture, in the world

at

Usage                meaning next to, by an object
                          for table
                          for events
                          place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)

Example             at the door, at the station
                           at the table
                           at a concert, at the party
                           at the cinema, at school, at work
on

Usage -               attached
                           for a place with a river
                           being on a surface
                           for a certain side (left, right)
                           for a floor in a house
                           for public transport
                           for television, radio
                           the picture on the wall

Example             London lies on the Thames.
                           on the table
                           on the left
                           on the first floor
                           on the bus, on a plane
                           on TV, on the radio
                           by, next to, beside
                           left or right of somebody or something
                           Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.

under

Usage                 on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else
Example             the bag is under the table

below
Usage                  lower than something else but above ground

Example              the fish are below the surface

over

Usage                   covered by something else
                             meaning more than
                             getting to the other side (also across)
                             overcoming an obstacle

Example               put a jacket over your shirt
                             over 16 years of age
                             walk over the bridge
                             climb over the wall
above

Usage                   higher than something else, but not directly over it

Example               a path above the lake

across

Usage                    getting to the other side (also over)
                              getting to the other side

Example                walk across the bridge
                               swim across the lake

through

Usage                     something with limits on top, bottom and the sides

Example                 drive through the tunnel

to

Usage                      movement to person or building
                                movement to a place or country
                                for bed

Example                  go to the cinema
                                go to London / Ireland
                                go to bed

into

Usage                     enter a room / a building

Example                 go into the kitchen / the house

towards

Usage                    movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)

Example                go 5 steps towards the house

onto

Usage                   movement to the top of something

Example               jump onto the table

from

Usage                   in the sense of where from

Example               a flower from the garden

Other important Prepositions

from

Usage                     
who gave it

Example                  
a present from Jane

of

Usage who/what does it belong to

what does it show

Example a page of the book

the picture of a palace

by

Usage who made it

Example a book by Mark Twain

on

Usage walking or riding on horseback

entering a public transport vehicle

Example on foot, on horseback

get on the bus

in

Usage entering a car / Taxi

Example get in the car

off

Usage leaving a public transport vehicle

Example get off the train

out of

Usage leaving a car / Taxi

Example get out of the taxi

by

Usage rise or fall of something

travelling (other than walking or horseriding)

Example prices have risen by 10 percent

by car, by bus

at

Usage for age

Example she learned Russian at 45

about

Usage for topics, meaning what about

Example we were talking about you

Exercise - 1

Test your knowledge of the prepositions in / at / to / nothing - showing place and movement. Choose either in, at, to, or nothing.

1. He lives ............... Zielona Gora.

2. She went ............... home.

3. Piotrek works ............... Gorzów Wlkp.

4. He went ............... his friend's house.

5. She arrived ............... Manchester for the celebrations.

6. I'm going to stay ............... home this weekend.

7. Joanna works ............... the hospital.

8. Why don't we go ............... the movies tonight?

9. I'm going to see Hania ............... France this summer.

10. I arrived ............... work early this morning.

11. She came home ............... early.

12. We stayed ............... the Mieszko Hotel.

13. They visited ............... England last summer.

14. She's going to travel ............... Finland this summer.

15. I'll be ............... school later today.

Exercises 2

Test you knowledge of the prepositions for / while / during. Choose either for, while or during.

1. He's been working ............... three weeks.

2. I fell asleep ............... the film.

3. Did you see Donata ............... your holiday?

4. We talked ............... an hour.

5. He watched TV ............... I cooked.

6. ............... our stay in London, we visited a lot of museums.

7. What did you do ............... you were in London?

8. I think I need to study Polish ............... a few months before I go there.

9. I came up with a great idea ............... I was thinking about my class.

10. They drove through the countryside ............... they were staying in France.

11. He was out of work ............... six months before he found a new job.

12. I broke my finger ............... I was playing squash.

13. Please, don't interrupt the teacher ............... he is speaking.

14. Magda broke into tears ............... the film.

15. Could you hold on ............... a few moments?

Exercises 3

Test you knowledge of the prepositions in / at / on - showing time and date. Choose either in, at or on.

1. Let's meet ............... seven o'clock.

2. He was born ............... July.

3. I went there ............... 1998.

4. She'll be at work ............... Thursday.

5. We met ............... Christmas day.

6. They drove to Barlinek ............... September 15th.

7. We arrived in this country ............... September.

8. I love to go shopping ............... Christmas time.

9. We get up early ............... the morning.

10. Do you dream ............... night?

11. What do you like doing ............... weekends?

12. He's working on his homework ............... the moment.

13. I lived in Holland ............... the 1990s.

14. I'll see you ............... a few weeks.

15. We like going to the cinema ............... Fridays.

Exercises 4

Choose “of, for, at, in, during” and fill in the blanks.

1. She wasn't short, she wasn't tall; she was ............... average height.

2. What are you going to buy Hania ............... her birthday?

3. The police are looking ............... a tall, black man who was seen standing outside the bank just before the robbery took place.

4. The teacher asked the class to do the exercise ............... the bottom of page 12.

5. As a child I was always ashamed ............... my parents because they were uneducated.

6. I was always very good ............... Geography when I was at school.

7. My uncle specializes in ................

8. We arrived ............... Gorzów at 3.30 in the morning.

9. I didn't see you ............... the party on Saturday.

10. There was a lot of coughing ............... the performance of Moniusko's 'Fairy Tale' symphony.

11. He saw her as the most attractive woman ............... the world.

12. Simon is completely useless ............... sports.