The Passive Voice(DAY 33 - 50)

The Passive Voice

Conversion 1(Active to Passive)

Simple Present Tense (V1 changes to am/is/are). All passive voices has ‘v3’ as a verb.

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 7 have been done for you.

I drink milk every day Milk is drunk by me every day.
He drinks coffee every day. Coffee is drunk by him every day.
They go to temple. No passive voice.
You know about me. I am known by you.
She greets everyone on new year day. Everyone is greeted by her on new year day.
I lock the door daily. The door is locked by me daily.
He hugs his father every morning. His father is hugged by him every morning.
Seniors rag the juniors.
Boys tease the girls.
He waves his Flag.
Lalitha types 20 pages every day.
The God ignores our sins.
Teacher beat the children daily.
Children play cricket every day.
The Sun gives us heat and light.
Children draw pictures well.
We see stars in the sky every night.
Children speak the truth.
Ravi visits Tirupati every year.
The congress Government changes CM’s every year.

***

Conversion 2 (Active to Passive)

Simple Past Tense (v2 changes to was/were). All passive voices have v3 as the verb.

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 10 have been done for you.

I went to the market. No passive voice.
He failed in the exam. No passive voice.
They brought flowers for me. Flowers were brought by them for me.
She came to the school by 9’O clock. No passive voice.
Rama killed Ravana. Ravana was killed by Rama.
The Government changed the syllabus. Syllabus was changed by the Government.
I parked my bike. Bike was parked by me.
Mounika saw a snake. Snake was seen by Mounika.
I forgot my marks. Marks were forgotten by me.
They printed some books. Some books were printed by them.
We followed our Principal.
Pavan crossed a bridge.
Teja counted the numbers.
I combed my hair.
The policmen caught the thief.
Valmiki wrote the Ramayana.
I read the news paper today morning.
I heard a big noise.
Shahjahan built Tajmahal.
Balaji bought a new dress yesterday.
Harsha completed the project.
She accepted my proposal.
He guided his subordinates.
I received a message.
The thief entered into the house.

Conversion 3 (Active to Passive)

Simple Future (will becomes will be.) All passive voices have v3 as the verb.

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 8 have been done for you.
I will come to your house tomorrow. No passive voice.
He will give you the money next Sunday. The money will be given to you by him next Sunday.
They will take the chairs in the evening. The chairs will be taken by them in the evening.
I will play cricket tomorrow. Cricket will be played by me tomorrow.
I will visit the temple in the next month. Temple will be visited by me in the next month.
I will watch a movie. Movie will be watched by me.
He will do the work. The work will be done by him.
I will double your salary. Your salary will be doubled by me.
She will write the exam.
Sri Lakshmi will learn Hindi in a few days.
I will change the name in the register tomorrow.
We will repair the boat next year.
I will continue my studies.
They will announce the results next week.
I will support you in your all aspects.
You will do this work tomorrow.
I will knit a basket.
I will select a college to study.
They will keep the key there.
She will cook chicken biryani.
They will sow seeds in their field.
He will sell the bike.
My father will beat me.

Conversion 4 (Active to Passive)

Present Continuous (Add being to am/is/are). All passive voices have v3 as the verb.

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 10 have been done for you.

I am going to the market. No passive voice.
I am giving the money. The money is being given by me.
He is opening the window. The window is being opened by him.
She is cleaning the room. The room is being cleaned by her.
They are playing cricket. Cricket is being played by them.
He is eating idlis. Idlis are being eaten by him.
I am dancing. No passive voice.
She is reading social questions. Social questions are being read by her.
I am watching movie. Movie is being watched by me.
The dog is barking at me. No passive voice.
He is teaching the lesson
You are telling lies.
The baby is drawing pictures.
They are cutting the trees.
She is listening to songs.
He is saying something.
The rabbit is eating carrot.
They are crossing the bridge.
She is writing an exam.
He is breaking glass.
Anil is learning English well.
They are bringing flowers.
They are announcing the results.
He is asking a question.
Sachin is hitting sixes.

***

Conversion 5 (Active to Passive)

Past Continuous (add being to was/were). All passive voices have v3 as the verb.

Exercise – 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 5 have been done for you.

1. I was eating idly at this time yesterday.

Idly was being eaten by me at this time yesterday.

2. They were eating chicken biryani yesterday afternoon.

Chicken biryani were being eaten by them yesterday afternoon.

3. Last week you were singing a song.

A song was being sung by you last week.

4. Ashok was crossing the bridge yesterday.

The bridge was being crossed by Ashok yesterday.

5. Yesterday afternoon I was typing a book.

A book was being typed by me yesterday afternoon.

6. I was eating idli yesterday.

7. Yesterday at 8 I was browsing the net.

8. Yesterday at this time I was enjoying the party.

9. They were cutting a cake yesterday at 7PM.

10. Yesterday I was learning English at this time.

11. Yesterday at 12 I was eating lunch.

12. I was writing a report yesterday morning.

13. They were playing cricket last week.

14. Venkat & Suresh were climbing a hill at this time yesterday.

15. I was buying jeans at 2 yesterday.

16. Naresh was singing my song happily yesterday in the evening.

18. 20 years back you were giving lectures with me to many places.

19. Yesterday you were doing homework at this time.

20. Yesterday Sita was writing exam at 4.

Conversion 6 (Active to Passive)

Present Perfect (has/ have changes to has been / have been)

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 3 have been done for you.

1. I have rung the bell. The bell has been rung by me.

2. Power has gone. No passive voice.

3. He has got the first rank. The first rank has been got by him.

4. His grandfather has broken the world record.

5. The boss has given salaries.

6. Ramesh has hurt Suresh.

7. Shehwag has hit the six.

8. Lalitha has finished the project very well.

9. Narendra Sir has taught 2000 students.

10. They have climbed the hill successfully.

***

Conversion 7

Modals – 1 (May changes to May be). For all passive voice we use the v3 as the verb.

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 2 have been done for you.

He may give you the book. The Book may be given by him.
He may draw the picture. The picture may be drawn by him.
They may win the match.
Baji may by Innova.
The tree may give flowers.
Sruthi may write a book.
Lasya may get the prize.
He may walk 100 miles.
He may sell his bike.

10. We may do the work.

Conversion 8

Modals - 2 (Can becomes Can be) For all passive voice we use the v3 as the verb.

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 2 have been done for you.

He can sing the song. The song can be sung by him.
Krishna Sir can educate children. Children can be educated by Krishna Sir.
Subramanyam Sir can teach History.
They can help the poor.
They can grow healthy plants.
I can fill the air in my bike’s tyres.
I can compose songs.
He can run a mile in 10 minutes.
India can win the match.

10. I can give you money.

***

Conversion 9

Modals - 3 (Should becomes Should be) For all passive voice we use the v3 as the verb.

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 2 have been done for you.

Everyone should learn English. English should be learned by everyone.
You should tell the truth. The truth should be told by you.
You should help the poor.
Children should discover new things.
You should sell your bike.
You should do the project perfectly.
Everybody should practice this book to Master English.
You should sing songs.
They should write books.

10. He should stop smoking.

Conversion 10

Modals - 2 (Should have becomes Should have been) For all passive voice we use the v3 as the verb.

Exercise - 1

Convert the following sentences in active voice to passive voice. The first 2 have been done for you.

He should have done the project. The project should have been done by him.
You should have done MBA. MBA should have been done by you.
You should have married her.
They should have practiced English.
He should have bought a car.
You should have learnt English long back.
You should have eaten Pulihora.
She should have sold her bike.
You should have learnt grammar.

10. You should have bought a computer.

Prepositions (DAY 30-32)

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions is one area where people make many mistakes. Study the following rules carefully. They are simple and examples also have been given. Write one example for each rule.

Prepositions – Time

English                 Usage                              Example

on                         days of the week             on Monday

in                          months / seasons             in August / in winter

                             time of day                      in the morning

                             year                                  in 2006


                             after a certain period of time (when?)   in an hour

at                          for night                           at night

                             for weekend                     at the weekend

                             a certain point of time (when?)    at half past nine

since                    from a certain point of time (past till now)  since 1980

for                       over a certain period of time (past till now)   for 2 years

ago                      a certain time in the past         2 years ago

before                 earlier than a certain point of time      before 2004

to                        telling the time                         ten to six (5.50)

past                    telling the time                          ten past six (6.10)

to/till/until         making the beginning and        from Monday to/till Friday

                          end of a period of time

till / until           in the sense of how long           He is on holiday until Friday.
                          something is going to last

by                      in the sense of at the latest up   I will be back by 6PM.
                          to a certain time                        By 11Am, I had read 5 pages.

Prepositions - Place (Position and Direction)

in

Usage - room, building, street, town, country
             book, paper etc.

             car, taxi

             picture, world

Example         in the kitchen, in London
                       in the book
                       in the car, in a taxi
                       in the picture, in the world

at

Usage                meaning next to, by an object
                          for table
                          for events
                          place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)

Example             at the door, at the station
                           at the table
                           at a concert, at the party
                           at the cinema, at school, at work
on

Usage -               attached
                           for a place with a river
                           being on a surface
                           for a certain side (left, right)
                           for a floor in a house
                           for public transport
                           for television, radio
                           the picture on the wall

Example             London lies on the Thames.
                           on the table
                           on the left
                           on the first floor
                           on the bus, on a plane
                           on TV, on the radio
                           by, next to, beside
                           left or right of somebody or something
                           Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.

under

Usage                 on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else
Example             the bag is under the table

below

Usage                  lower than something else but above ground

Example              the fish are below the surface

over

Usage                   covered by something else
                             meaning more than
                             getting to the other side (also across)
                             overcoming an obstacle

Example               put a jacket over your shirt
                             over 16 years of age
                             walk over the bridge
                             climb over the wall
above

Usage                   higher than something else, but not directly over it

Example               a path above the lake

across

Usage                    getting to the other side (also over)
                              getting to the other side

Example                walk across the bridge
                               swim across the lake

through

Usage                     something with limits on top, bottom and the sides

Example                 drive through the tunnel

to

Usage                      movement to person or building
                                movement to a place or country
                                for bed

Example                  go to the cinema
                                go to London / Ireland
                                go to bed

into

Usage                     enter a room / a building

Example                 go into the kitchen / the house

towards

Usage                    movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)

Example                go 5 steps towards the house

onto

Usage                   movement to the top of something

Example               jump onto the table

from

Usage                   in the sense of where from

Example               a flower from the garden

Other important Prepositions

from

Usage                     who gave it

Example                  a present from Jane

of

Usage who/what does it belong to

what does it show

Example a page of the book

the picture of a palace

by

Usage who made it

Example a book by Mark Twain

on

Usage walking or riding on horseback

entering a public transport vehicle

Example on foot, on horseback

get on the bus

in

Usage entering a car / Taxi

Example get in the car

off

Usage leaving a public transport vehicle

Example get off the train

out of

Usage leaving a car / Taxi

Example get out of the taxi

by

Usage rise or fall of something

travelling (other than walking or horseriding)

Example prices have risen by 10 percent

by car, by bus

at

Usage for age

Example she learned Russian at 45

about

Usage for topics, meaning what about

Example we were talking about you

Exercise - 1

Test your knowledge of the prepositions in / at / to / nothing - showing place and movement. Choose either in, at, to, or nothing.

1. He lives ............... Zielona Gora.

2. She went ............... home.

3. Piotrek works ............... Gorzów Wlkp.

4. He went ............... his friend's house.

5. She arrived ............... Manchester for the celebrations.

6. I'm going to stay ............... home this weekend.

7. Joanna works ............... the hospital.

8. Why don't we go ............... the movies tonight?

9. I'm going to see Hania ............... France this summer.

10. I arrived ............... work early this morning.

11. She came home ............... early.

12. We stayed ............... the Mieszko Hotel.

13. They visited ............... England last summer.

14. She's going to travel ............... Finland this summer.

15. I'll be ............... school later today.

Exercises 2

Test you knowledge of the prepositions for / while / during. Choose either for, while or during.

1. He's been working ............... three weeks.

2. I fell asleep ............... the film.

3. Did you see Donata ............... your holiday?

4. We talked ............... an hour.

5. He watched TV ............... I cooked.

6. ............... our stay in London, we visited a lot of museums.

7. What did you do ............... you were in London?

8. I think I need to study Polish ............... a few months before I go there.

9. I came up with a great idea ............... I was thinking about my class.

10. They drove through the countryside ............... they were staying in France.

11. He was out of work ............... six months before he found a new job.

12. I broke my finger ............... I was playing squash.

13. Please, don't interrupt the teacher ............... he is speaking.

14. Magda broke into tears ............... the film.

15. Could you hold on ............... a few moments?

Exercises 3

Test you knowledge of the prepositions in / at / on - showing time and date. Choose either in, at or on.

1. Let's meet ............... seven o'clock.

2. He was born ............... July.

3. I went there ............... 1998.

4. She'll be at work ............... Thursday.

5. We met ............... Christmas day.

6. They drove to Barlinek ............... September 15th.

7. We arrived in this country ............... September.

8. I love to go shopping ............... Christmas time.

9. We get up early ............... the morning.

10. Do you dream ............... night?

11. What do you like doing ............... weekends?

12. He's working on his homework ............... the moment.

13. I lived in Holland ............... the 1990s.

14. I'll see you ............... a few weeks.

15. We like going to the cinema ............... Fridays.

Exercises 4

Choose “of, for, at, in, during” and fill in the blanks.

1. She wasn't short, she wasn't tall; she was ............... average height.

2. What are you going to buy Hania ............... her birthday?

3. The police are looking ............... a tall, black man who was seen standing outside the bank just before the robbery took place.

4. The teacher asked the class to do the exercise ............... the bottom of page 12.

5. As a child I was always ashamed ............... my parents because they were uneducated.

6. I was always very good ............... Geography when I was at school.

7. My uncle specializes in ................

8. We arrived ............... Gorzów at 3.30 in the morning.

9. I didn't see you ............... the party on Saturday.

10. There was a lot of coughing ............... the performance of Moniusko's 'Fairy Tale' symphony.

11. He saw her as the most attractive woman ............... the world.

12. Simon is completely useless ............... sports.

Pronouns (DAY-29)

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

The personal pronouns are “me, you, him, her, it, us, you and them.” They come as objects in the sentence.

Exercise - 1

Fill in - me, you, him, her, it, us, you and them.

1. Who is that woman? Why are you looking at ................... ?

2. Do you know that man? Yes, I work with ................... .

3. I am talking to you. Please listen to ................... .

4. These photos are nice. Do you want to look at ...................?

5. I like that camera. I am going to buy ....................

6. I don't know Peter's girl friend. Do you know ...................?

7. Where are the tickets? I can't find ....................

8. We are going to the disco. Can you come with ................... ?

9. I don't like dogs. I'm afraid of ....................

10. Where is she? I want to talk to ....................

11. Those apples are bad. Don't eat ...................!

12. I don't know this girl. Do you know ...................?

13. Alan never drinks milk. He doesn't like ....................

14. Where are the children? Have you seen ...................?

15. I can't find my pencil. Can you give one to ...................?

Possessive Pronouns

The possessive pronouns are “my, her, your, his, its, their.” They come as objects in the sentence.

Exercise - 1

Fill in - his, her, their, your, my, our, its.

1. What’s the boy’s name? ................... name is Narendra.

2. Suresh has got a dog. ...................dog is very lively.

3. The dog is very lively. ...................name is Dolly.

4. We are at school. ...................school is very nice.

5. I have got a new laptop. ................... laptop is white.

6. I'm from Mumbai. Most of ................... friends are from Mumbai, too.

7. The Varmas have got a restaurant. ................... restaurant is great.

8. The rabbit is white. ................... cage is in the garden.

9. You are not English. ................... name is not an English name.

10. Sandhya and Jansi are friends. ................... school is in Delhi.

11. The Sharmas have got a new car. ................... car is blue.

12. Lalitha has got a brother. ................... name is Shankar.

13. Roja has got a sister. ................... name is Usha.

14. Yes, we have got a dog. ................... dog is very old.

15. Mr.Subhash has got a tortoise. ................... name is Trundle.

Reflexive Pronouns

The reflexive pronouns are “myself, herself, yourself, himself, itself, themselves.” They come when we have to say that a certain subject by itself did some action.

Exercise - 1

Fill in - his, her, their, your, my, our, its.

1. Tom cut ................... while he was shaving this morning.

2. We really enjoyed ................... very much.

3. I repaired my bike ...................

4. Why don’t you clean the windows ................... ?

5. Jack and I met ................... at the party five years ago.

6. At Christmas friends often give ................... presents.

7. They looked at ................... .

8. The film ................... wasn’t very good but I liked the music.

9. The old woman sat at the park bench talking to ................... .

10.Let’s paint the house ................... .

11.Did you write it ................... ?

12.She locked the door ................... .

13.The children cleaned their room ................... .

14.Ann backed the cake ................... .

15.The cat caught the mouse ................... .

Higher Modals(DAY-28)

Higher Modals

We know the basic modals – may, can, should, have to

These are used for the present or the future. But how do you use these modals in the past. In the past time, we use the following simple rules.

“May (v1)” becomes “might have (v3)” “May (be)” becomes “might have (been)”

“Can (v1)” becomes “could have (v3)” “can (be)” becomes “could have (been)”

“should (v1)” becomes “should have (v3)” “May (be)” becomes “should have (been)”

Note: Be careful to always use the third form of the verb for modals in the past. Also when the verb is not there, add “been”.

Examples:

1. He might have gone to the station (probability) He might have been in the station.

2. You should have studied harder (duty) You should have been studious.

3. You could have helped him (ability) You could have been helpful.

Follow the golden rule. When the verb is there use the 3rd form. When there is no verb use “been”.

Activity – 1

A man is remembering his life and he feels the following of how things should have been. Use the following clues and use “should have (v3)” or “should have been”.

1. I rich.

2. I study hard.

3. I marry early.

4. I take Government job.

5. I hard working.

6. I not waste so much time in youth.

7. I not make bad friends.

8. I not get habbit of smoking.

9. I go abroad.

10. I not spend so much.

11. I buy house.

12. I better father.

Basic Modals(DAY-27)

****

Basic Modals

There are 3 concepts in Modals. The concept of probability, the concept of ability and the concept of Duty.

What is probability?

A probability means an action may happen. For probability we use helping verb may or may be.

Ability means your ability to do something. For ability we use the helping verb can or can be.

Duty means some action which we need to do which you should to do, which you have to do. The important helping verbs here are should, should be, have to, have to be, must, must be.

When do we add be and when do we not add be.

It is very simple. We use only may, can, should, must with v1 when there is a verb in the sentence.

When there is no verb, we add be to the above. Example -

I may go to the market tomorrow. (There is a verb here)

I may be in the market tomorrow. (There is no verb here)

He may be in the room. (There is no verb here)

Exercise 1

In the following use “may, can , should, may be, can be, should be

1. George has worked as a chef in many restaurants. He ………. Cook many dishes.

2. You ………. (not) talk loudly. The class gets disturbed.

3. I can see clouds in the sky. It ………. rain.

4. You ………. (not) drive fast. Time is important but life is more important.

5. You ………. punctual. You will not miss the beginning of the class.

6. You ………. a good singer if you practice with dedication.

7. ………. you sing well?

8. Why ……….I listen to you? Every time I followed your advice, I failed.

9. ………. (not) you come to my house? It is only a furlong away.

10. ………. you explain once again? I did not understand.

11. Why ………. (not) you follow instructions? After all, the instructions are simple.

12. Who ………. responsible for completing the tasks?

13. I ………. there at 5PM. It’s very urgent.

14. If you ………. do this work on time it will be a great help.

15. Who ………. paint well in your class?

16. To whom ………. I give this letter?

17. Where ………. I join to do my M.Sc Computers? Please help me, I am confused.

18. After we give the present, what ………. we do next?

19. ………. (you) here at 4PM tomorrow.

20. Who ………. get the 1st prize? Everybody did well.

Joining two or more Sentences (DAY 25-26)

 

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Joining two or more Sentences

Now let’s come to understand how we join two or more sentences.

We join two or three, four sentences using conjunctions and relative pronouns.

What are the major conjunctions?

After, before, while, when, if, because, though,

and, but, so, either or, neither nor.

What are relative pronouns?

Relative pronouns are also join two sentences. Let’s take an example.

He is a boy. This boy gave me an apple.

How to combine these two sentences?

He is the boy who gave me this apple.

This is my house. I live here.

This is where I live.

He is the person. He came first in the class.

He is the person who came first.

The time now is 9’O clock. At 9’O clock I eat my breakfast.

This is the time when I eat my breakfast.

So, this who, which, where and when have combined these 2 sentences.

Activity – 1

Use the following clues and use appropriate conjunctions / relative pronouns and complete the sentences and also check tenses.

Home

1. My father go office. We go school. (after)

2. My father get the time. He take us to a movie. (when)

3. Every Sunday we go to my grandmother. She lives in a nearby village. (who)

4. My mother get up. We get up. (before)

5. My mother cook in the night. We study. (while)

6. My relatives come in summer holidays. We really enjoy. (when)

7. My father strict. We love him. (though)

8. I help my mother at home. She has backache. (because)

School

1. The security guard come to school. We come to school. (before)

2. I not come to school in bus. My house is nearby. (because)

3. I not well. I not go to the school. (when)

4. In my school, we have communication skills classes. It help in life. (because)

5. Summer holidays come. I feel bored. (when)

6. I like my school. They have activities. (because)

7. You come to my school. Meet me in lunch time. We not allowed to meet visitors. (if, because)

8. My school in the centre of the city. Lot of noise. (because)

Activity - 2

Use the Conjunctions and Relative pronouns given below and

fill in the blanks in complex sentences given.

1. I came late .............. the bus came late.

2. .............. you give me the money I will start a business.

3. .............. I work hard I failed.

4. I will come .............. the movie is over.

5. Will you help me .............. I help you?

6. The door was locked .............. I waited outside.

7. .............. you came I was watching a movie.

8. Do you browse the net .............. midnight?

9. Will you join B.Tech .............. your inter?

10. This is the fridge .............. is not working.

11. Here is .............. we are starting Track Institute.

12. .............. you come to my house I will give you the book.

13. .............. you finish the work meet me.

14. .............. who work hard will get a salary raise.

15. .............. you don't listen to me how can I help you?

16. .............. 4 years are over there will be a change in the country.

17. There are many people in India .............. get less than Rs.400 per month.

18. .............. you came Lalitha came.

19. .............. I finish the work I will go to a movie.

20. .............. we tried we failed.

21. .............. he is poor he helps everybody.

22. .............. I finish this book I will become confident.

23. There are four gifts of mine .............. are very precious.

24. .............. works hard wins.

25. Count your chickens .............. they hatch.

26. .............. will take care of you after I die?

27. I will help you .............. you help me.

28. I hate those .............. lie.

29. I called you so many times .............. you ignore me.

30. .............. you come fast we can reach the station.

31. I will cook .............. sleep for 2 hours.

32. .............. he was not free he took out time for me.

33. .............. friend of yours will help you in times of trouble?

34. .............. you have 10 lakhs we can easily earn one crore.

35. Can you understand .............. people live?

36. When will you start the lesson .............. is pending?

37. How many times will I tell you .............. you are beautiful?

38. He is the best .............. thinks he is.

39. I will tell you .............. is painting.

40. .............. I finish 50 sentences I will stop it.

41. Who will meet you .............. the movie is over.

42. Bhagavadgita is the book .............. talks about the Karma phiolosophy.

43. Indian culture is the most ancient culture in the world .............. the most mystereous.

44. India will change .............. it discovers itself.

45. He is the person .............. I like very much.

46. I don't think .............. he is a good person.

47. .............. you practice this book twice you will be a master in English.

48. Nobody likes you .............. you are selfish.

49. I got less marks .............. I was ill before the exam.

50. There is a crowd here .............. there was an accident.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (DAY-24)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect continuous tense is used for actions which had started in the past and are still continuing now. For example, it is wrong to say “I’m waiting for 4 hours”, because am, is, are should be used only for actions going on now. When there is a PERIOD OF TIME, the tense changes to present perfect continuous tense. It’s structure is

Subject + has been / have been + (V1+ing) + Object

Examples:

1. I have been working since 1’O clock.

2. He has been talking for 2 hours.

3. We have been typing since morning.

4. The children have been playing in the park for 4 hours.

Note: When the starting time is given, we use “since” and when the total time is given, we use “for”.

Activity – 1

Use the following clues and make sentences in Present perfect continuous tense.

1. He sleep 4 hours.

2. We walk morning.

3. I write for two days.

4. Ravi, live in the US, 10 years.

5. Sita, wash clothes one hour.

6. We cook for the function 10 hours.

7. Children play video games, morning.

8. I teach English, 15 years.

Past Perfect Tense (DAY-23)

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tenses is used when an event is completed before a certain event. It is past of past!

Examples:

                       Past                                  Past of past

1. By the time I went home                    my children had slept.

2. By the time we reach the theatre,      the movie had started.

3. By the time I went to the office,        my boss had arrived.

4. I went to the station                           but the train hadn’t arrived

5. I went to the market,                         But the shops hadn’t opened.

6. I went to my friend’s house in the morning  But he hadn’t got up.

7. By the time I reach the function         The guests had left.

8. By the time I called the post office     It had closed.

Activity – 1

Use the clues and complete the following sentences.

Examples:

                         Past                                       Past of past

1. By the time I reach, hospital          My grandmother, die.

2. By the time I leave the school       Non teaching staff leave.

3. By the time I finish my lunch,       I get 3 missed calls.

4. By the time I meet my friend,       He, has lunch.

5. I rush, to the stadium                    But the match, start.

6. I came out of the theatre               But the autos, leave.

7. By the time I got up                     All my friends in the hostel, leave.

8. By the time, I go the bank           The manager, leave.

Present Perfect Tense(DAY-22)

Perfect Tenses

Present Perfect Tense

The first thing to understand is that in present perfect tense, we use the third form of the verb. The second thing to understand in present perfect tenses is that we use it for

Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

1. Just completed actions

a. The bell has just rung.

b. Sir has just come.

2. When an action has still an effect in the present.

a. I have cut my finger.

b. I have got the first rank.

3. When we want to know whether an action has happened or not, not really when it happened.

a. Have you completed your homework?

b. Have you ever seen the Taj Mahal?

4. When we want to talk about actions done till now.

a. I have waited for you till now.

b. He has not come yet.

Activities

Activity – 1 - Just Completed actions.

Complete the next sentence using present perfect tense to the following sentences.

1. The bell has rung (students become silent) – Students have become silent

2. Power has gone (system shutdown)

3. He has got the first rank(parents become happy)

4. His grandfather has died (people come to his house)

5. The boss has come to the office (everyone stop chatting)

6. Accident has happened (the man die)

7. She has sung beautifully (everyone get up to clap)

8. Shehwag has hit the six (India win)

Activity – 2 – Effect in the Present

The following actions took place and the effect is felt even now. Make present perfect sentences.

1. meet, with an accident – He has met with an accident.

2. I fail, exam

3. Suresh win, singing competition

4. The company make, huge profits

5. She had a baby.

6. I buy bike

7. My best friend Kranti, start a school

8. Terrorists bomb the building

Activity – 3 - When we want to know whether an action has

happened or not, not really when it happened.

Use the clues and make sentences in present perfect tense.

During a marriage function

1. Cars arrive?

2. Priest come?

3. Band come?

4. You call bridegroom?

5. You call catering agency?

Other real life examples.

1. You pass?

2. You see the latest NTR movie?

3. You have lunch?

4. You hear the latest news?

5. India win?

Activity – 4 - When we want to talk about actions done till now

Use the clues and make sentences in present perfect tense.

1. I wait till now. 5. I not study for exams yet.

2. I not complete homework yet. 6. I cook till now.

3. He not come yet. 7. I sleep till now.

4. They not print posters yet. 8. She hold meeting till now.

Past Continuous(DAY-21)

Past Continuous

In Past Continuous we use the helping verb was, were.

Past continuous actions are those actions which were going on at a particular time in the past.

Yesterday at 4’O clock I was going to the market.

Last Sunday at 1’O clock I was writing a letter.

Day before yesterday at 3’O clock we were sleeping in the hostel. Etc.

For negative forms we add ‘not’, ‘was not’.

For plurals we use ‘were’, ‘were not’.

They were going to the market yesterday at 4’O clock.

They weren’t going to the market yesterday at 4’O clock.

They were playing volley ball yesterday at 3’O clock.

They weren’t playing volley ball yesterday at 3’O clock.

Future Continuous Tense

We use the helping verb ‘will be’ and ‘ing’ or V4.

Subject + will be + V4 + Object

This tense is used when we are sure of an action 100% in the future.

I will be going to my relative house tomorrow.

I will be going to the movie today.

I won’t be going to the relative’s house tomorrow.

I won’t be going to the movie today.

That completes the simple continuous tenses:

Simple present, Simple Past, Simple Future.

Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous.

We covered 6 tenses and these are very important tenses.

Fill in the Blanks

1. I ............ (eat) idly at this time yesterday.

2. They ............ (go) to a movie at 7 yesterday.

3. Last week you ............ (not go) in the bus.

4. Ashok ............ (go) to London at 4 day before yesterday.

5. Yesterday afternoon I ............ (sleep).

6. I ............ (not eat) yesterday night.

7. Yesterday at 8 the net ............ (not come).

8. Yesterday at this time I ............ (not enjoy) the party.

9. They ............ (cut) a cake on June 26.

10. Yesterday I ............ (learn) English at this time.

11. Yesterday at 12 I ............ (have) lunch.

12. I ............ (go) to Mumbai tomorrow.

13. They ............ (play) cricket last week.

14. Venkat & Suresh ............ (fight) at this time yesterday.

15. I ............ (go) for shopping at 2 yesterday.

16. This time I ............ (come) to your house surely.

17. I ............ (watch) a movie day before yesterday at this time.

18. 5 years back you ............ (travel) with me to many places.

19. Yesterday you ............ (sleep) at this time.

20. Yesterday Sita ............ (write) exam at 4.

Simple Future Tense – Wh Questions(DAY-20)

Simple Future Tense – Wh Questions

Structure

Wh + will / won't + Subject + V1 + Object

Example:

When will you come? How will you go? Who will come tomorrow?

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

Where will you go in summer?
What will you do in the evening today?
Why will you fail in the exam?
When will you watch the movie?
When will you write the exams?
When will you study I.A.S?
Where will we meet him?
What will he bring for me?
How will she write exam?
How much will you pay for it?
Who will paint the wall?
What will he bring?
What will you take?
What will be happened?
Why will you go there?
When will you come there?
When will Pavan reach the stations?
When will you discover new things?
When will you became scientist?
When will you buy with this money?
How will you spend your time in summer?
When will you complete the work?
How will you count the money?
When will you receive that?
Where will we meet that person?

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure. 

Where, we meet that person?
Where, he live?
How, she react?
How, I cross the bridge?
When, we enter into the room.
What, ravi teach?
Where, they construct another bulding?
When, he accept our proposal?
Who, speak, with us?
Why, they, go there?
What, he talk?
When, you clean the room?
When, she draw the pictures?
What business, we start?
How, he explain that?
What, we eat?
Where, she keep the book?
What, Rani select?
Where, they dig the pit?
When, they sow the seeds?
How, he shoot the animals?
What, she prove?
How, he ride a bike?
What, they send?
How, the lawyer plead?
What, he think?

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple Future Tense – Negative Questions (DAY-19)

Simple Future Tense – Negative Questions

Now let us learn how to form negative questions in simple future tense.

I won’t go to the market.

Won’t I go to the market?

He won’t go to the market.

Won’t he go to the market?

They won’t go to the market.

Won’t they go to the market?

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

Won’t they come tomorrow?
Won’t they go to Himalayas?
Won’t you shut your mouth?
Won’t he dance?
Won’t we play cricket?
Won’t you bring vegetables?
Won’t she sing a song?
Won’t they run?
Won’t she give money?
Won’t he start music?
Won’t he forgive you?
Won’t I take this?
Won’t Ravi complete the work?
Won’t you invite Rajesh to the party?
Won’t he bring lunch to you?
Won’t you watch the movie?
Won’t she walk on the wall?
Won’t Ramu tell lie?
Won’t they announce the results?
Won’t you follow me?
Won’t he write a novel?
Won’t you dance for me?
Won’t we wait for him?
Won’t he return to the home?
Won’t you fight with Ravi?

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure. 

You not elect Ramesh as your leader?
They not meet us?
He not pay the bill?
You not discover new things?
You not tame the pets?
They not perform cultural programmes?
You not develop your personality?
He not talk with you?
She not study I.A.S?
He not celebrate his birthday?
We not play cricket?
I not enjoy the party?
She not warn you tomorrow?
You not cook biryani?
She not forgive me?
They not learn new things?
We not wait for him?
I not help you?
India not win the match?
Ravi not give another chance?
They not collect donations/
You not wear T-Shirt?
She not wash the clothes?
Gopi not scold you?
Ravi not sleep?

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple future Tense – Positive Questions(DAY-18)

Simple future Tense – Positive Questions

Now let us come to positive questions in simple future tense.

I will go to the market.

Will I go to the market?

He will go to the market.

Will he go to the market?

They will go to the market.

Will they go to the market?

So, we are brought helping verb ‘will’ in front of the subject.

For ‘I’, ‘we’ we actually do not ‘will’ but use ‘shall’.

Shall I go to the market?

Shall we go to the market?

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

Will you help me?
Will he give the money tomorrow?
Will they come to the party tomorrow?
Will she come to school?
Will Indian win the match?
Will she punish you?
Will they wait for us?
Will ravi work there?
Will he fold the paper?
Will she complete syllabus?
Will she colour the pictures?
Will you clean the room?
Will he bake the cake?
Will he appreciate you?
Will they follow me?
Will you increase his salary?
Will you ignore my mistakes?
Will they plant the trees?
Will he suspect me?
Will you pour some water?
Will she trust me?
Will you pray to the God?
Will they print the books?
Will you use this?
Will you search my keys?

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure.

you shut your mouth?
He bow his head?
Ravi help us?
She learn science?
Rani pass this information?
He wait for us?
Mohan kick the ball?
He call you?
They ask help?
They announce results?
She sing a song?
Kantam wash clothes?
They catch him?
We have our lunch?
He drink tea?
They play cricket?
He dance?
You forgive me?
Ramana write the exam?
Jaya cook the food?
He talk with us?
We go out?
They count your marks?
You wear jeans pant?
You take rest?

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple Future Tense – Negative Statements(DAY-17)

Simple Future Tense – Negative Statements

Now let’s come to simple future tense. Here we already have a helping verb. So we have to add only not. Will+not is will not or won’t to make negative sentences.

I will go to the market tomorrow.

I won’t go to the market tomorrow.

He will go to the market tomorrow.

He won’t go to the market tomorrow.

They will go to the market tomorrow.

They won’t go to the market tomorrow.

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

I won’t give you the book.
He won’t come to the parts.
They won’t play cricket next Sunday.
We won’t do the homework.
She won’t go to movie.
The ripest fruit will not fall into your mouth.
I will not change my opinion.
They won’t tag you.
The God won’t ignore your sins.
Balu won’t go the school.
She won’t come here.
I won’t warn him.
She won’t stand on her words.
Bhanu won’t get by 6’O clock.
I won’t buy the new dress.
He won’t sell this.
Ravi won’t tease you.
I won’t learn Malayalam.
She won’t tell lie.
He won’t increase your salary.
She won’t give anything to you.
I won’t cut my nails.
Rani will not bring her bag.
We won’t start by 5’O clock.
She won’t sing a song.

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure.

I, not write this book.
I, not teach Maths.
I, not dance.
She, not cry.
He, not scold you.
Ramu, not draw the picture.
They, not paint the walls.
We, not visit the temple.
She, not wash cloths.
I, not ask any question.
He, not call you.
Prakash, not ride the bicycle.
We, not hunt the animals.
Trisha, not dance tomorrow.
He, not test you.
They, not move from here.
Pavan, not leave this place.
He, not study further studies.
We, not collect the information.
They, not support you.
I, not follow you.
She, not help the poor.
He, not argue with you.
She, not cover her books.
I, not disturb you.

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple Future Tense – Positive Statements(DAY-16)

Simple Future Tense – Positive Statements

Simple future tense names actions that are going to happen.

I will come to your house tomorrow

I will master English

Ramesh will give me a book today

Tomorrow I will write a test

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

I will come to your house tomorrow.
He will give you the money next Sunday.
They will take the chairs in the evening.
I will play cricket tomorrow.
I will visit the temple in the next month.
I will watch a movie.
He will meet you tomorrow.
We will go to the picnic day after tomorrow.
She will join in this institute next year.
I will double your salary.
She will write the exam.
Srilakshmi will learn Hindi in a fewdays.
I will sign in the register tomorrow.
We will sail on the boat next year.
I will continue my studies.
They will announce the results next week.
I will support you in your all aspects.
You will do this work tomorrow.
I will knit a basket.
I will select a college to study.
They will keep confident on you.
She will run.
They will sow seeds in their field.
He will sit here.
My father will beat me.

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure.
Rani, shake the medicine. 

We, speak with you.
The star, shine, tomorrow with more intensity.
I, spend some money.
He, steal those things.
They, spread their business.
Rajasekhar, ride a horse.
I, get rid of that bad person.
He, make a mistake.
The pune, ring the bell.
He, quit this place.
She, shut the doors.
I, sing a song.
He, spoil your life.
She, wear a new dress.
Indian, win the match.
He, throw the ball.
I, take a chance.
Ravi, sell these flowers.
Our sir, say something.
Sushma, read a book.
I, meet you later.
Mounika, learn tamil.
Harbajan, spin the ball.
I, leave this place.

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple Past Tense – Wh Questions(DAY-15)

Simple Past Tense – Wh Questions

Structure

Wh + did / didn't + Subject + V1 + Object

Example:

What did you do yesterday? 

 

Why didn't you come last week?

Where did you come from? 

How did you write your exams?

When did you wake up?

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

Where did you keep the book?
Why did you fail in the exam?
What did he tell you yesterday?
Which movie did you see yesterday?
How did you write the exam?
Where did they go?
What did you think?
How did you come here?
Who killed Ravana?
What did they speak with you?
Why did you accept that proposal?
Whom did you love most?
How did you arrive here?
Why did the teacher punish you?
When did the programme start?
When did our journey begin?
When did you buy the bike?
How did you find the address?
How did you arrive here?
Why did you suspect that man?
What did you say?
When did they put the light out?
Why did you lie?
Who washed you?
Who discovered blood circulation system?

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure. 

Who, invent, aeroplane?
Who, make, the first cellphone?
Whom , you deceive?
Who, complete, the given work?
What, Shahjahan build?
Why, you accept that?
Why, you, pour water on me?
When, the Olympic games start?
What, it contain?
When, you, meet him?
Why, he pinch her?
Why, you slap him?
How, you, tease him?
Why, he marry her?
How, she, handle them?
When, she cry?
Where, you, search?
How much, you pay for that?
Why, he, trouble us?
How, she, sing the song?
Where, you study?
Why, you touch that?
Which sweet, you like?
How, they lose your address?
At what time, the meeting start?

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple Past Tense – Negative Questions(DAY-14)

Simple Past Tense – Negative Questions

Let us now come to simple past tense negative questions.

I didn’t go to the market.

Didn’t I go to the market?

He didn’t go to the market.

Didn’t he go to the market?

They didn’t go to the market.

Didn’t they go to the market?

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

Didn’t you clean the room?
Didn’t you understand the lesson?
Didn’t you have breakfast in the morning?
Didn’t you complete the given work?
Didn’t you meet him?
Didn’t she cook the food?
Didn’t you sleep last night?
Didn’t Shahjahan build Tajmahal?
Didn’t I ride the bike?
Din’t we go to the temple?
Didn’t he write the exam?
Didn’t Raju come to school?
Didn’t he draw the pictures?
Didn’t he prepare well for exam?
Didn’t I pay the money?
Didn’t you bring the luggage?
Didn’t he drink coffee?
Didn’t you read the story?
Didn’t you wait for me?
Didn’t she do her home work?
Didn’t Manasa cook the food?
Didn’t Mohan sit on the bench?
Didn’t you greet him?
Didn’t you hug him?
Didn’t we go to movie?

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure. 

He not fight with him?
They not tease him?
He not forgive you?
You not invite Harish?
They not speak with you?
Rama not kill Ravana?
Lakshman not follow Rama?
He not listen my words?
She not observe anything?
You not learn computers?
He not teach you?
Eswar not talk with him?
They not perform cultural achievement?
You not visit Tirupati?
He not warn you?
She not wish him?
You not change your behavior?
Jayanthi not sign in the register?
They not know about him?
He not smoke cigarette?
Pavan not tell truth?
You not hear his words?
They not play cricket?
She not wash clothes?
You not eat chicken biryani?

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple Past Tense – Positive Questions(DAY-13)

Simple Past Tense – Positive Questions

For simple past tense we use the helping verb ‘did’.

I went to the market.

Did I go to the market?

He went to the market.

Did he go to the market?

They went to the market.

Did they go to the market? etc

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure.
Did you drink in the party?
Did he give the money?
Did you finish the lesson?
Did you complete the work?
Did Chiranjeevi act in that movie?
Did you participate in the cometation?
Did he argue with you?
Did he take anything?
Did you watch the movie?
Did she wash the clothes?
Did you observe theif?
Did Sarath change anything?
Did you visit the temple?
Did you get the 1st rank?
Did I eat anything?
Did he conclude the meeting?
Did they train the teachers?
Did he fight in the movie?
Did we see anything there?
Did I hurt anybody?
Did you cry?
Did you decide to do that?
Did they conduct the exam?
Did Valmiki write the stories?
Did they increase your salary?

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure.
He produce movies?
Shahjahan build Tajmahal?
Kavitha buy the book?
He come to the class?
He live here?
You like sweets in childhood?
He lose your address?
The teacher teach English last year?
Rani fail in the exam?
They sit outside?
You study last year?
She sing a song?
You ring the bell?
You choose your partner?
He bend the iron pipe?
You drink tea?
He follow Jagan?
She wait for me?
Harsha cook biryani?
She hug her mother?
Raja greet him?
You fight with him?
They tease you?
You join in our group?
Rama kill Ravana?

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple Past Tense – Negative Statements(DAY-12)

 

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Simple Past Tense – Negative Statements

For Simple Past Tense we use the helping verb ‘did’ for making Negative Statements. Note that we do not use ‘v2’ with ‘did’ but only with ‘v1’.

I went to the market yesterday.

I did not go to the market yesterday.

He went to the market yesterday.

He did not go to the market yesterday.

They went to the market yesterday.

They did not go to the market yesterday.

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

I did not do the homework yesterday.
He did not give me the book.
They did not understand the lesson.
Rama did not kill Ravana.
She didn’t write the exam.
Ravi didn’t do any mistake?
You didn’t complete the work.
I did not watch the movie.
They didn’t cut the trees.
He didn’t listen my words.
You didn’t come yesterday.
Raja didn’t bring the flowers.
The teacher didn’t scold me.
We didn’t eat puris.
It didn’t irritate me.
I didn’t joke.
We didn’t visit the temple.
They didn’t play cricket.
You didn’t meet me.
The baby didn’t laugh at first.
She didn’t learn anything.
I didn’t take anything.
The irrigation department didn’t release the water.
He didn’t tell anything to me.
We didn’t invite anybody.


Exercise – 2


Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure.
She, not, shiver though it is cold weather.
A.N.R, not, enter in the politics.
Ravi, not, participated in the competition.
He, not attend to the marriage.
He, pay, no attention to it.
He, not watch the movie.
I, not, fall in love.
He, not, listen to me.
They, not go out.
Ravi, not, drive the car.
They, not, bury, the dead body.
We, not, make noise.
We, not sail on the boat.
He, not reply to me.
The lord Shiva, not, appear.
I, not, pass this way.
They, not, mention your name in their conversation.
The dog, not, sniff there.
I, not, sleep well.
We, not, warn him.
She, not, think about that.
He, not drink milk.
Usha, not, sing any song.
I, not, forget you.
He, not, hate you.

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.

Simple Past Tense – Positive Sentences(DAY-11)

Simple Past Tense – Positive Sentences

Simple past tense talks about actions that are over.

I went ( v2) to the market

I played cricket yesterday

I went to the movie last Sunday

My uncle came last year to my house

Exercise – 1

Read the following sentences thoroughly. All the sentences are in the above structure. 

I went to the market.
He failed in the exam.
They brought flowers for me.
She came to the school by 9’O clock.
Rama killed Ravana.
The Government changed the syllabus.
I parked my bike.
Mounika saw a snake.
I forgot my marks.
They printed some books.
We followed our Principal.
Pavan crossed a bridge.
Teja counted the numbers.
I combed my hair.
The policmen caught the thief.
Valmiki wrote the Ramayana.
I read the news paper today morning.
I heard a big noise.
Shahjahan built Tajmahal.
Balaji bought a new dress yesterday.
Harsha spoke to her manager yesterday.
She accepted my proposal.
He shouted at her subordinates.
I received a message.
The thief entered into the house.

Exercise – 2

Use the following clues and make sentences in the above structure.
I, stand, in the busstop.
I, complete, the given work.
He, buy, a new mobile.
She, get, 1st rank.
He, park, his bike there.
Chiranjeevi, act, in the movies.
He, draw, a picture.
I, speak good words yesterday.
The snake, crawl, on the floor.
They, dig, a well.
You, fai in the exam last year.
She, drink, some water.
I, fell, very happy.
The bird, fly, from the nest.
Hero, fight, with villain in the movie.
I, keep, a book on the table.
They, kneel, a book on the table.
Ravi, dealt, the matter.
I, spend, more money on my house.
Attender, stick, a notice on the notice board.
Uma, sit, on the bench.
She, smell, the biryani.
Indian, win, the match.
I, teach, Physics.
She, cry, very much yesterday.

Exercise – 3

Use 10 verbs from the verbs list and make sentences in the above structure.